1.
Of all the environmental challenges, the one that is most grave is that of population growth. All other challenges would be inconsequential with a small population, but as the population grows exponentially, the other challenges increase proportionally. Every time the population doubles, the impact doubles. If population growth were controlled, the other environmental problems could then be addressed. However, if population growth continues to proceed exponentially, no amount of effort will be able to limit environmental degradation of any kind.
2.
A good environmentalist is somebody that makes a conscious effort to reduce his or her impact on the planet. Environmentalism is not measured in magnitude of impact reduction, however, but effort and intent. If somebody buys a fuel efficient car to replace an SUV because of gas prices, and reduces his or her carbon footprint, it is better for the environment but that person is not an environmentalist. The action was not done with the purpose of environmental protection. However, switching incandescent light bulbs to compact florescent light bulbs might make a smaller impact, but if it is done with the purpose of environmental protection, the person who makes the switch is an environmentalist. Environmentalism is a measurement of the intent, rather than the extent, of an action.
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